Evaluation of co-relation between hip fractures and vitamin D level

Background: Hip fractures are devastating injuries that most often affect the elderly and have a tremendous impact on both the health care system and society in general. Approximately 97% occur in patients over 50 years of age. It has been a general belief that rickets and vitamin D deficiency are uncommon problems in India because of abundant sunshine. Hence the aim was to identify patients with hip fractures and to attain the vitamin D levels in these patients.Methods: The study was a descriptive type of study. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. A total of 154 patients were included in the study. Patients were assessed clinically, with a thorough history and physical examination. The symptoms and signs elicited were recorded in a performa.Results: Neck of femur (NOF) was more common in female patients and intertrochanteric (IT) fracture was common in male patients. These fractures were mainly seen in the age group between 61 to 70 years of age for hip fractures. It was also noted that anaemia was prevalent in both male and female patients and the overall vitamin D deficiency was 76% of the total number of patients with more predominant (84.6%) in female patients.Conclusions: Treatment of the vitamin D deficiency reduces the chances of fall, morbidity and financial burden on the patient when fractures occur. The treatment of vitamin D deficiency will improve the quality of life overall. Hence the need for food fortification and supplementation in elderly Indian population

STRUCTURE AND TEXTURE SYNTHESIS

An approach for filling-in blocks of missing data in wireless image transmission is presented in this paper. When compression algorithms such as JPEG are used as part of the wireless transmission process, images are first tiled into blocks of 8x8 pixels. When such images are transmitted over fading channels, the effects of noise can destroy entire blocks of the image. Instead of using common retransmission query protocols, we aim to reconstruct the lost data using correlation between the lost block and its neighbours. If the lost block contained structure, it is reconstructed using an image inpainting algorithm, while texture synthesis is used for the textured blocks. The switch between the two schemes is done in a fully automatic fashion based on the surrounding available blocks. The performance of this method is tested for various images and combinations of lost blocks

Nelumbo Nucifera (Lotus): A Review on Ethanobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nymphaeaceae), a perennial aquatic plant, has been used as a medicinal herb in China and India. It has been recorded in the most famous medicinal book in China for more than 400 years. Different part of plant (leaves, seeds, flower, and rhizome) can be used in traditional system of medicine. In traditional system of medicine, the different parts of plant is reported to possess beneficial effects as in for the treatment of pharyngopathy, pectoralgia, spermatorrhoea, leucoderma, smallpox, dysentery, cough, haematemesis, epistaxis, haemoptysis, haematuria, metrorrhagia, hyperlipidaemia, fever, cholera, hepatopathy and hyperdipsia. Following the traditional claims for the use of N.nucifera as cure of numerous diseases considerable efforts have been made by researchers to verify it’s utility through scientific pharmacological screenings. The pharmacological studies have shown that N.nucifera posseses various notable pharmacological activities like amti-ischemic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antiobesity, lipolytic, hypocholestemic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, hypoglycaemic, antidiarrhoeal, antifungal, antibacterial, antiinflammatory and diuretic activities. A wide variety of phytoprinciples have been isolated from the plant. The present review is an effort to consolidate traditional, ethnobotanic, phytochemical and pharmacological information available on N.nucifera

Body water percentage from childhood to old age

Background Total body water (TBW) increases with growth, but the body water percentage (TBW%) decreases with aging. The objective of our study was to delineate TBW% in males and females by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) from early childhood to old age. Methods We enrolled 545 participants aged 3 to 98 years (258 male, 287 female). Among the participants, 256 had a normal weight and 289 were overweight. The TBW was measured by BIA, and TBW% was derived by dividing the TBW (L) value by body weight (kg). For analysis, we divided participants into the four age groups of 3–10, 11–20, 21–60, and ≥61 years. Results In normal-weight subjects, the TBW% was similar at 62% between males and females in the 3–10-year group. It remained unchanged in males until and through adult life, then decreased to 57% in the ≥61-year group. In normal-weight female subjects, the TBW% decreased to 55% in the 11–20-year group, remained relatively unaltered in the 21–60-year group, then decreased to 50% in the ≥61-year group. In overweight subjects, the TBW% values in males, as well as females, were significantly lower as compared to those with normal weight. Conclusion Our study showed that the TBW% in normal-weight males changes very little from early childhood to adult life compared to that of females, who showed a decrease in TBW% during the pubertal years. In normal-weight subjects of both sexes, the TBW% decreased after the age of 60 years. Overweight subjects had significantly lower TBW% as compared to those with normal weight

Dizaj i statistička optimizacija liposfera s glipizidom pomoću metodologije odgovora površine

A 32 factorial design was employed to produce glipizide lipospheres by the emulsification phase separation technique using paraffin wax and stearic acid as retardants. The effect of critical formulation variables, namely levels of paraffin wax (X1) and proportion of stearic acid in the wax (X2) on geometric mean diameter (dg), percent encapsulation efficiency (% EE), release at the end of 12 h (rel12) and time taken for 50% of drug release (t50), were evaluated using the F-test. Mathematical models containing only the significant terms were generated for each response parameter using the multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Both formulation variables studied exerted a significant influence (p < 0.05) on the response parameters. Numerical optimization using the desirability approach was employed to develop an optimized formulation by setting constraints on the dependent and independent variables. The experimental values of dg, % EE, rel12 and t50 values for the optimized formulation were found to be 57.54 ± 1.38 µm, 86.28 ± 1.32 %, 77.23 ± 2.78 % and 5.60 ± 0.32 h, respectively, which were in close agreement with those predicted by the mathematical models. The drug release from lipospheres followed first-order kinetics and was characterized by the Higuchi diffusion model. The optimized liposphere formulation developed was found to produce sustained anti-diabetic activity following oral administration in rats.32 faktorijalni dizajn primijenjen je za pripravu liposfera s glipizidom metodom separacije pomoću emulzija koristeći parafinski vosak i starinsku kiselinu kao tvari za usporavanje. Pomoću F-testa praćen je učinak kritičnih varijabli tijekom formuliranja, tj. količina parafinskog voska (X1) i udio stearinske kiseline (X2) na srednji promjer liposfera (dg), postotak inkapsulirane ljekovite tvari (% EE), oslobađanje ljekovite tvari nakon 12 h (rel12) te vrijeme potrebno za oslobađanje 50% ljekovite tvari (t50). Pomoću multiple linearne regresijske analize (MLRA) i analize varijabli (ANOVA) za svaki su parametar načinjeni matematički modeli koji sadrže samo značajne varijable. Proučavanje varijabli na oba načina ukazalo je na njihov značajan utjecaj (p < 0,05) na parametre liposfera. Postavljanjem ograničenja na zavisne i nezavisne varijable provedena je numerička optimizacija na principu poželjnosti. Eksperimentalne vrijednosti dg, % EE, rel12 i t50 optimiziranih formulacija bile su 57,54 ± 1,38 µm, 86,28 ± 1,32%, 77,23 ± 2,78% i 5,60 ± 0,32 h. Dobivene eksperimentalne vrijednosti iznosile su vrlo slične vrijednostima predviđenim matematičkim modelima. Oslobađanje glipizida iz liposfera slijedio je kinetiku prvog reda i okarakterizirano je Higuchijevim difuzijskim modelom. Optimizirane liposfere su nakon peroralne primjene na štakorima pokazale produljeni antidijabetički učinak

Effect of Surface Roughness on the Behaviour of Ferrofluid Based Squeeze Film Between Porous Annular Discs

Efforts have been made to study and analyse the performance of a ferrofluid based squeeze film between rotating porous transversely rough circular plates. The Neuringer and Rosenweig model for ferrofluid flow has been adopted to get the effect of magnetization. The stochastic model of Christensen and Tonder has been used to evaluate the surface roughness. The stochastically Reynolds` equation is utilized to get expression for pressure distribution which results in calculation of load carrying capacity. The effect of magnetization improves the performance of bearing system by increasing the values of load carrying capacity. The results are presented in graphical, which shows that bearing suffers due to transverse roughness. The combined effect of porosity and aspect ratio enhances the load carrying capacity. The negative mean and negative skewness also advances the attainment of bearing system. Proper value of magnetization parameter and ferrofluid as a lubricant extends the performance of bearing compare to conventional lubricant

Transfusion transmissible infections in blood donors: A 7-year study in central Gujarat

Context: One of the major adverse effects of blood transfusion is transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). Serological testing can help to reduce, but not eliminate occurrences of TTIs. Study of TTIs in different blood donor groups help to find safe blood for patients. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trends in TTIs in voluntary and replacement blood donors. Settings and Design: Voluntary and replacement blood donors were studied for TTIs over the duration of 7 years. TTIs were documented with particulates like gender and type of donation (voluntary or replacement). Materials and Methods: Blood donation taken after predonation examination. Tests for TTIs carried out from donated blood and results were documented. Statistical Analysis Used: Data entered into Microsoft Excel sheets and studied for prevalence, trend, and odds ratio. Results: Total blood units taken during the period from 2007 to 2013 were 15,368. 93.1% were male donors and 6.9% were female donors. Prevalence of TTIs was 0.72%. Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis were detected in 0.14%, 0.38%, 0.06%, and 0.14% of donors, respectively. No female donors had TTI. TTIs in voluntary donors (VDs) and replacement donors were 0.64% and 1.15%. Conclusions: Outcome of the study shows increasing trend for total blood donation, voluntary donations, and female blood donors. All TTIs were reducing except syphilis. To provide safe blood to patients, blood donation from VDs and female donors should be encouraged